trees

Planting a fruit tree is not just about digging a hole in the ground and dropping the plant in. If you want your fruit tree to thrive, you have to give it the best possible start. Therefore, we have put together the ultimate guide on how to plant fruit trees. The guide will walk you through the best time to plant fruit trees and the essential steps to do it right. Why is this so important? First of all, proper planting ensures a strong root system, which provides water and nutrients to the tree. A well-developed root system leads to a stronger plant that can better handle environmental stresses like drought, pests, and diseases. On the other hand, any damage caused during planting forces the tree to redirect its energy toward recovery and healing instead of growth and development. That weakens its ability to grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. So, it is exceptionally important for fruit trees to be planted correctly if you want them to grow strong and healthy and bring an abundance of high-quality fruit. Therefore, we have prepared the ultimate guide to planting fruit trees to help you enjoy your fruit garden for years to come. When Is the Best Time to Plant Fruit Trees Container-grown trees can be planted almost any time of the year, but the ideal periods are late autumn (after the leaves drop) or early spring (before buds break). If you are wondering why, here are the key reasons. Why Late Autumn Is the Best Time to Plant Fruit Trees           Dormancy: Trees are not actively growing so the stress of transplantation is minimal.          Soil Temperature: The soil is still warm enough to make soil preparation easier and enable root development.          Moisture: Late autumn rains keep the soil wet and help the newly planted trees establish their roots.      Time to Establish: By spring, roots are established without spending energy on leaf growth or budding. Less Competition from Weeds: Cold weather slows weed growth and young trees have less competition for nutrients. Why Early Spring Is the Best Time to Plant Fruit Trees       Dormancy: Trees are still dormant or just beginning to wake up which reduces the transplant stress.       Soil Temperature: The soil is warmer, no longer frozen or covered by snow, and ready to be prepared for planting.        Moisture: Spring soil has enough moisture from snow melt which makes it perfect for root development without additional watering. No Frost Damage: Planting fruit trees in spring ensures roots won’t be damaged by winter frost, especially in colder climates.    Our Recommendations:  In milder climates where the ground doesn’t freeze, we recommend planting fruit trees in late autumn (October and November). This gives the root system more time to develop and prepare for the growing season. In the UK, late autumn planting is suitable for Southwest England, South Coast, and urban areas where winters are mild and frost risk low. Early spring planting (February and March) is more adequate for colder regions to avoid frost damage to unestablished root systems. Late spring frosts may pose a challenge but this risk can be managed with careful planning. Regions that are suitable for spring planting are Scotland, Northern England, and upland areas of Wales, where winters are harsher and longer. Choosing the Perfect Spot in Your Garden Finding the best place for fruit trees in your garden is essential if you want them to be healthy and productive. It’s all about giving them what they need to grow strong and bear plenty of fruit. Here are some key things to consider when choosing the perfect spot for your fruit trees: Sunlight Sunlight is absolutely vital for keeping your fruit trees healthy and happy. Sun gives them the energy to thrive and produce an abundance of delicious fruit. With enough direct sunlight, your fruit will develop vibrant colours, rich flavours, and natural sweetness. Without it, they may grow weak, produce fewer blossoms, and yield smaller fruit of lower quality.          Tip: Choose a warm, sunny spot in your garden with at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight every day to keep your fruit trees at their best. Soil The right soil is just as important as sunlight. Fruit trees prefer nutrient-rich, moist, but well-drained soil that can provide enough nutrients and allow roots to absorb them. Heavy, compacted soils hold too much water and can lead to root rot so avoid them or improve them by adding organic matter like compost. Tip: Take the time to test and improve your soil before planting your fruit trees. Pear trees (especially Asian pears) and certain plum trees are more tolerant of heavy and wet soils. Wind Protection Fruit trees need to be sheltered from strong, harsh winds as they can uproot young trees, weaken their stability, and cause damage by breaking branches, stripping leaves, or knocking off flowers and young fruit. Cold winter winds are another threat – they can dry out the tree and cause bark to crack, especially on trees with thin bark, like cherries and apples. Tip: Protect your fruit trees by planting them near windbreaks like walls, fences, or hedges. Add mulch around the base to insulate the roots. If needed, use burlap wraps - protective coverings designed to protect trees, especially fruit trees, from harsh conditions. Space for Growth Fruit trees need plenty of room to grow. The size and variety of your tree will determine how much space it needs. Crowded trees compete for light, water, and nutrients which can weaken their health. Poor spacing also limits airflow around the canopy which can create an environment perfect for fungal infections and diseases. Proper spacing is, therefore, essential for fruit trees. Tip: If the space in your garden is limited, try a clever space-saving technique called espalier. This method involves training a tree to grow flat, like a two-dimensional painting. Espalier not only saves space but also maximizes sunlight exposure which can boost fruit production. How to Prepare Soil for Planting Fruit Trees Poor soil is a major problem when it comes to fruit trees. It can stunt growth and lower fruit quality so, before you plant, test your soil. Making small improvements can make a huge difference. Here is a simple guide to help you test and improve your soil. pH Levels: Fruit trees prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH, ideally between 6.0 to 7.0. If the soil is too acidic or too alkaline, it may be difficult for a tree to absorb nutrients. Some trees may be considered exceptions, like citrus trees, which like slightly more acidic soil or olive trees, which can tolerate slightly alkaline soils Tip: You can easily adjust soil’s pH levels by adding things like lime to raise pH (make it less acidic) or sulphur to lower pH (make it more acidic). Nutrient Levels:           The most important nutrients for fruit trees are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Nitrogen supports overall growth and healthy foliage, phosphorus helps the root development and supports the growth of flowers and fruit, while potassium influences overall tree health and fruit quality. If there is an imbalance of these nutrients, fruit trees can have serious issues.      Tip: To solve nutrient deficiencies, use adequate fertilizers. Adding organic matter like compost or peat moss is also a fantastic way to improve soil quality. Be careful with nitrogen. It provides vigorous growth but too much of it can reduce fruit production. Drainage: Fruit trees don’t like waterlogged soils. Too much water can cause root rot, so having well-drained soil is essential for their health. Tip: If you don’t know whether your soil is waterlogged, perform a simple test. Dig a hole about 30cm deep and fill it with water. Check it in 24 hours. If the water is still there, your soil has poor drainage. To fix it, add some sand or gravel to improve water flow.   How to Dig the Right Hole for a Fruit Tree It may sound a bit unnecessary to explain how to dig a hole, but there are a few simple rules that may not be widely known. And a well-dug hole can make a difference for your fruit tree. Here is a short and simple, step-by-step guide on how to dig the right hole for your tree and plant it successfully.        Measure the root ball to calculate how deep and wide a hole should be.       Dig a hole as deep as the root ball. The tree must not settle too low because that can cause a trunk to rot.       The hole must be 2-3 times wider than the root ball. Roots need space to spread.       Loosen the bottom and the sides of the hole to make it easier for the roots to penetrate the ground.       Mix the soil you dug out with compost or organic matter. You will use that later for refilling.       Do not apply too much fertilizer because it can burn young roots.       Place the tree in the hole. The spot where the trunk meets the roots should be at or slightly above the ground. Do not bury the trunk!       Backfill the hole with the mix you have previously prepared. Gently tamp down the soil to remove air pockets.       Water the tree abundantly. Add mulch 5-10 cm around the base but leave some space around the trunk And there you have it! Your tree is planted with knowledge and care and set up for success!

Ever feel like choosing the right tree for your garden is way more complicated than it should be? With all the different options and confusing terms, it’s like wandering through the maze without a map. We get it and we are here to help! This article will guide you through different types of trees with clear, easy-to-understand explanations of key terms to make your tree selection as simple as possible. What Is a Grafted Tree? Let’s start with the term “grafted,” as it's commonly seen in tree specifications. Grafting is a clever way to grow trees that are both beautiful and tough, blending the best traits of two plants into one tree! A grafted tree is created by joining the top part of one tree (scion) with the root system of another tree (rootstock). The top part may be chosen for its fruit, flowers, or lush foliage. The rootstock is often selected for its strength, pest and disease resistance, or ability to adapt to certain soils. Top-Grafted Trees Top-grafted trees are created by attaching the top part of one plant to the trunk of another plant at a higher point on the trunk. With this technique, we can create unique and interesting tree shapes, like a ball-shaped canopy on a tall trunk. For example, a top-grafted weeping willow develops a tall, elegant look, while a top-grafted rose forms a small "tree" covered in blooms. Bottom-Grafted Trees Bottom-grafted trees are made by attaching the top of one plant to the root system of another plant close to the ground. This technique combines the qualities of the top part with the toughness and resilience of a certain rootstock. The result is a stronger and healthier tree. Great examples of bottom-grafted trees are fruit trees and some cherry blossoms. A Guide to Different Tree Types Let’s see what each tree type means and how their shapes and structures differ.Understanding these will help you choose the perfect fit for your garden. Standard Tree (Full-Standard, Std) Single, tall, straight trunk 1.8m+ height Broad, spreading canopy Description: Standard Tree is usually a natural tree that develops on its own rootstock without any grafting. Nurseries sometimes label certain grafted trees as "standard" if they have a similar form. Standard trees have a single straight trunk, clear of branches up to at least 1,8m, with a broad, spreading canopy above. They typically reach a mature height of 6m and more. Suggested Uses: Standard trees are ideal for a focal point in landscapes, especially in large gardens, and excellent choice for parks and streets. They offer shade, privacy, and a habitat for wildlife. Care Tips: Standard trees need regular pruning and can benefit from staking when young until they develop a sturdy structure. Half-Standard Tree (HS,1/2 Standard, 1/2 Std) Single, short, clear trunk 1.2-1.5m in height Rounded, compact canopy Ideal for small spaces Description: Half-standard tree has a clear, single trunk that reaches about 1.2-1.5 metres in height and a compact, rounded canopy. It has an ornamental “lollipop" look which is very popular in landscaping. Half-standard trees are not always grafted. That depends on the tree variety and the desired characteristics. Non-Grafted Half-Standard Trees grow naturally into this form without grafting, but are usually pruned to maintain the lollipop shape. Grafted Half-Standard Trees are grafted to control the size and ensure uniform growth and consistent canopy shape. They are more reliable for decorative purposes. Suggested Uses: Half-standard trees are perfect for formal landscaping and great for garden borders, walkways, and focal points in small gardens. They are very well suited for growing in containers. Care Tips: Half-standard trees require regular pruning to maintain their distinctive lollipop form. If grown in containers, they need constant watering and fertilization. Quarter-Standard Tree (QS, 1/4 Standard, 1/4 Std) Short trunk 0.5-1m in height Dense, rounded canopy Ideal for pots and containers Description: A quarter-standard tree is very similar to a half-standard tree but its trunk is shorter, below 1.2m in height, typically between 0.5-1m. Its canopy is dense and rounded, creating a tidy, lollipop-like shape. Suggested Uses: Due to their small size and structured appearance, quarter-standard trees are very popular in ornamental landscaping. They are perfect for growing in pots and containers, and therefore, ideal for small places like patios and balconies. Care Tips: Due to their limited space in containers, quarter-standard trees require regular watering and fertilization. They also need to be sheltered from strong winds. Feathered Tree (Fth) Single main stem Branches from base up Dense, full foliage Natural, bushy appearance Description: A feathered tree has a single main stem and evenly spaced lateral branches, usually from the ground up. The lowest branches are positioned less than 25cm from the ground. It has a natural, bushy, and feathery look. The average height varies depending on the species. They typically grow from 3 to 6 meters, but some species can grow up to 10m and more. Suggested Uses: Feathered trees are ideal for informal and woodland-style landscapes, natural-looking hedges, and privacy screens. They are valuable for attracting and sheltering wildlife. Care Tips: Feathered trees require minimal pruning and are an excellent choice for lush, naturalistic landscapes. They are, generally, resilient and adaptable to various soil types and environments. Multi-Stemmed Tree (MS) Multiple stems from the base Bushy, spreading crown Unique, architectural look Description: A multi-stemmed tree has multiple stems emerging from a single root or just above the ground. Its open structure, along with a bushy and spreading crown, creates a visually striking silhouette and provides a natural, architectural look. The average height of multi-stemmed trees can vary based on the species, but generally range between 3 to 6 metres. Suggested Uses: A multi-stemmed tree with its unique shape is ideal as a focal point in landscape design. It’s great for natural privacy screens, adding depth to borders, or softening landscape edges. Care Tips: Multi-stemmed trees need room to spread as their crowns take up more horizontal space than single-stemmed trees. They also appreciate slightly sheltered locations. Pleached Tree (Espalier) Single, tall, clear stem Structured horizontal branches Needs support framework Description: A pleached tree has a single clear stem with a crown of branches trained to grow horizontally along a supporting frame. The stem is usually around 1.8-2m long while the crown is shaped in different styles – panel, box, umbrella, and more. Pleached trees bear their foliage, flowers, and fruit as usual, but their growth is restricted. Suggested Uses: Pleached trees are usually used to create an aerial screen above a fence or a wall. When planted in a row, they resemble a hedge on stilts. They are ideal for adding height to garden borders. Care Tips: Pleached trees require regular pruning and training to maintain their shape and sturdy frame to support their branches. Girth and Litres You may have seen terms like 'girth' and 'litres' in tree specifications which can be quite confusing. What exactly is “girth” and why are trees measured in litres? Let’s clear it up! What is Girth? Girth is the circumference of the stem measured 1 metre from the ground. Girth is a more reliable measure of a tree’s maturity than height. For example, a tree might be 2m tall but thin and only a year old, while another tree could be 2m tall, but with a thick trunk and around 10 years old. What Does Girth Tell Us? Most trees grow around 2cm in girth every year. Therefore, a tree with 8-10cm girth is most probably 4-5 years old. Generally, the larger the girth, the older and more established the tree. Why are Trees Measured in Litres? When you see “litres” in tree specifications, it tells you the size of the pot the tree is growing in. A higher litre number means a larger pot, and usually a bigger and more mature tree. In Conclusion We hope this guide will help you make informed and confident choices when selecting trees for your garden. With the right knowledge, you can create your piece of paradise and enjoy it for years to come. If you need any further assistance, do not hesitate to reach out. Our team is here to help you and support you every step of the way.          

Are you battling puddles, waterlogged areas, and plants that just won’t thrive because of wet conditions? Don’t worry - there is a perfect solution to this problem! Trees for waterlogged areas can transform even the dampest UK gardens into stunning and thriving landscapes. In this guide, we’ll introduce the 7 best water-tolerant trees for UK gardens perfect for turning poorly drained spots into beautiful spaces.  Top 7 Trees for Waterlogged Gardens Willow: Willows are excellent trees for waterlogged areas in the UK. They thrive in saturated soils and add elegance and beauty to wet gardens. Bald Cypress: Known for its iconic "knees" that emerge from the water, this is one of the best trees for wet soil that grows even in extremely swampy areas. Silver Maple: This tree grows well in wet, poorly drained soil and near waterways, making it a perfect choice for garden trees in soggy soils. River Birch: Naturally found along riverbanks, it is one of the most adaptable flood-resistant trees in the UK. Red Maple: Beautiful and adaptable to wet soils, this tree is a fantastic option for those seeking ornamental trees for wet gardens. Alder: Native to the UK, this hardy tree is among the best native trees for wet areas, as it thrives in swampy and waterlogged conditions. Black Poplar: A UK native tree for wet areas with deep roots that successfully stabilizes soil and prevents erosion. Now that you know which trees thrive in wet conditions, it's crucial to learn how to identify soils that need these types of trees.   How to Identify Soils That Need Water-Tolerant Trees Before we dive into the key features of each of these trees, let’s take a closer look at the types of soil that tend to get too wet and or struggle with drainage. Understanding these will help you identify soggy areas in your garden that need water-tolerant trees. Heavy Clay Soils Characteristics: Heavy and dense soil that holds water easily but drains very slowly. How to spot: Sticky and heavy when wet, hard and compact when dry, often cracking on the surface. Mostly reddish, orange, or grey. Common UK locations: Found in low-lying areas or flat landscapes, mostly in South East England and the Midlands. Best trees to plant: Willow, alder, or river birch are some of the best UK trees for clay soil. Wet Loamy Soils Characteristics: A mix of sand, silt, and clay that is generally fertile but can become waterlogged in areas near rivers or wetlands. How to spot: Crumbly and soft, spongy and waterlogged after heavy rains or when near wetlands. Dark brown or black. Common UK locations: Often found near rivers, ponds, and wetlands, such as Fens or Thames Valley. Best trees to plant: Black poplar, swamp cypress, or red maple because they can adapt to fluctuating water levels – they are ideal trees for swampy areas. Compacted Soils Characteristics: Often found in urban areas, its poor structure restricts water drainage and airflow which can affect root growth and health. How to spot: Hard and dense, difficult to dig into, with poor drainage and water that sits on the surface after rain. Light brown or grey. Common UK locations: Urban gardens in cities where heavy machinery has been used due to construction or where foot traffic is high. Best trees to plant: Alder, hornbeam, or dogwood - robust options for improving soil health and ideal wetland trees for UK gardens. Boggy Peat Soils Characteristics: Organic-rich soils that are naturally acidic and water-retentive. How to spot: Spongy and soft when wet, very dark brown or black in colour, often acidic. Common UK locations: Scottish Highlands and low-lying peatlands in East Anglia and Somerset Levels in the South West. Best trees to plant: Alder, birch, or willow, as they can adapt to acidic, wet conditions. The Best Trees for Waterlogged Areas in the UK : Key Features We’ve already shared our top picks for the best trees for wet gardens. If you’re curious to dive deeper into their unique features - like height, cold hardiness, root systems, and the best ways to use them - keep reading! This next section has everything you need to know to choose the perfect tree for your waterlogged space. Willow (Salix) Key features: A resilient and fast-growing tree with a spreading canopy and long, elegant leaves - green on the top and silvery underneath - and a nice shimmering effect on windy days. Many species, like weeping willow (Salix babylonica) have beautiful, cascading growth habit with graceful, arching branches. Suitability for wet soils: Exceptional. It thrives in waterlogged soils, including areas that are often flooded. Natural habitat: Commonly found along UK rivers, wetlands, and floodplains. Root system: Extensive root system excellent for stabilizing soil in waterlogged areas. However, it can be aggressive and invasive, so avoid planting near structures or underground pipes. Height: Depending on the species, it can grow from 10 to 25 metres in height. Cold-hardiness: Hardy in the UK climate; depending on the species, it can tolerate temperatures down to -15°C to -20°C. Ideal for: Erosion control, as windbreaks, or to improve biodiversity in wetland areas. Perfect for gardens with water features, like streams and ponds, poorly drained areas, and natural, wildlife-friendly landscapes. Bald Cypress or Swamp Cypress (Taxodium distichum) Key features: Deciduous conifer with soft, feathery leaves that turn orange-brown in autumn. Its most unique feature is the “knees” – knobby roots that create a magical appearance in swampy settings. Native to south-eastern USA and less commonly grown in the UK. Suitability for wet soils: Exceptional. It can adapt to extreme water saturation, including standing water, because of its "knees." Natural habitat: Swampy and floodplain areas. Root system: Its roots develop “knees” that rise above the water and help with oxygen intake. That is the reason it can thrive in standing water without any issues. Height: It can reach 25–35 metres in ideal conditions. Cold-hardiness: Hardy in most of the UK. It can tolerate temperatures down to -15°C to -20°C. Ideal for: Large gardens with water features, waterlogged areas, and areas prone to flooding. Perfect for wetlands, riversides, or ponds. Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) Key features: Fast-growing deciduous tree with broad, rounded crown, bright green leaves, silvery underneath, shimmering on windy days. Very adaptable and resilient ornamental tree. Suitability for wet soils: Very good. Grows well in wet, poorly drained soils but is not tolerant of extreme waterlogging. Natural habitat: Along riverbanks, flood plains, and wetlands. Native to North America. Root system: Shallow, wide-spreading roots that can handle poorly drained soils but also occasional droughts. Moderately invasive. They can disrupt lawns and pavements. Height: In ideal conditions, it can reach 20–30 meters. Cold-hardiness: It can tolerate temperatures down to -25°C. Ideal for: Large gardens or parks, near water features, especially in poorly drained soils. River Birch (Betula nigra) Key features: Multi-stemmed or single-trunk deciduous tree with open, rounded canopy, attractive peeling reddish-brown bark, and bright green leaves that turn yellow in autumn. Suitability for wet soils: Excellent. It tolerates consistently wet and acidic soils, even occasional flooding. Natural habitat: Along riverbanks and wetlands. Native to North America but well-suited for UK conditions. Root system: Shallow but fibrous root system. It provides stability in wet soils and can adapt to acidic and waterlogged conditions. Height: It can reach 18–25 meters in ideal conditions. Cold-hardiness: It tolerates temperatures down to -25°C. Ideal for: Waterlogged areas, near streams, ponds, and rivers. Perfect for larger gardens and great for erosion control. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Key features: Beautiful and highly adaptable deciduous tree with rounded crown, and bright green leaves that turn stunning yellow, orange, and red in autumn. Highly ornamental. Suitability for wet soils: Very good. Highly adaptable to wet conditions and occasional flooding, but not so much to consistently waterlogged soils. Tolerant of dry conditions as well. Natural habitat: Swamps, wetlands, and floodplains. Native to North America but also cultivated in the UK. Root system: Shallow but fibrous root system. It adapts well to both wet and dry soils. Moderately invasive. It can disrupt lawns and pavements. Height: In ideal conditions, 12-18 metres. Cold-Hardiness: It can tolerate temperatures down to -35°C. Ideal for: Perfect ornamental tree for wet areas, low-lying gardens, or near water features. Ideal for large gardens, parks, and public spaces.  Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Key features: Fast-growing deciduous tree with a conical or round crown, and dark green leaves that stay on the tree long into autumn. Less ornamental than other trees for wet areas. Suitability for wet soils: Exceptional. Thrives in waterlogged and poorly drained soils, especially in areas prone to flooding. Natural habitat: Along rivers, wetlands, and floodplains. Native to the UK and Europe. Root system: Deep, nitrogen-fixing roots that improve soil fertility. Thrives in waterlogged and compacted soils. Height: Grows up to 20–25 meters. Cold-Hardiness: It can tolerate temperatures below -20°C. Ideal for: Stabilizing soil in wet areas, erosion control, and improvement of biodiversity. Great for large gardens and parks in areas with poor drainage.  Black poplar (Populus nigra) Key features: A fast-growing, deciduous tree with a broad crown and irregular shape, glossy green leaves that turn yellow in autumn. Less ornamental than other trees for waterlogged areas. Suitability for wet soils: Excellent. It thrives in waterlogged soils and areas prone to flooding. Natural habitat: It can be found in low-lying, wet areas across the UK, especially along rivers. Native to the UK and Europe. Root system: Deep, robust roots that can anchor firmly in waterlogged soils. Great for erosion control, but highly invasive. They can cause problems with underground pipes or septic systems so best to plant away from infrastructure. Height: It can grow 25–30 meters in ideal conditions. Cold-hardiness: It tolerates temperatures as low as -20°C. Ideal for: Floodplains and riverbanks for stabilizing soil and erosion control. Great for large gardens, and parks, especially in wet and open areas. As you can see, no matter how waterlogged or difficult your garden may seem, there are trees that can thrive in those conditions. Choosing the right trees can turn even the most challenging wet soil into a vibrant and flourishing garden! Arundel Arboretum: Trees for Waterlogged Areas UK If you are looking for the best trees for waterlogged areas in the UK, our Arundel Arboretum is the right place for you to go! We are located in the heart of West Sussex, in the historic town of Arundel near Chichester and we offer a wide range of trees suitable for wet gardens. Our experienced team is ready to walk you through our impressive selection and help you find the perfect match for your garden. If you’d prefer to buy online, explore our web store and our carefully curated selection of trees for poorly drained soils. Do not hesitate to contact us for any additional questions. We are here to help! FAQ Can trees help with water drainage in my garden? Yes, trees with strong, water-tolerant roots, like willows or alders, are excellent in helping with water drainage. What is the best tree for soaking up water? One of the best trees for soaking up water is a willow tree. What trees grow in clay soil in the UK? Alder, silver birch, and hornbeam are the best UK trees for clay soil. Which trees thrive in wet soil in the UK? Some of the best trees that thrive in the UK's wet soil conditions are willow, alder, and black poplar, as well as river birch, silver and red maple. Are there any native UK trees suitable for waterlogged areas? Yes, native trees like alder, willow, and black poplar are suitable for waterlogged areas in the UK. Can I plant ornamental trees in waterlogged areas? Yes, but choose the ones that can thrive in waterlogged areas, like red maple or river birch. What should I consider when planting trees in wet soil? The most important thing is to choose trees for wet or waterlogged areas. Are there fast-growing trees for waterlogged gardens? Yes. Willows, alders, and poplars are the best fast-growing trees for waterlogged gardens. Can I grow fruit trees in waterlogged areas? Fruit trees are not well-suited for waterlogged areas but apples and pears grafted on semi-dwarf rootstocks may tolerate wet soils somewhat better than standard varieties. How do I maintain trees in waterlogged conditions? Prune regularly to improve air circulation, mulch to retain warmth, and monitor for root rot and fungal diseases. Where can I buy trees for waterlogged areas in the UK? Arundel Arboretum is a trusted supplier of high-quality trees for waterlogged areas in the UK. Visit Arundel Arboretum in person or online and transform your garden with our water-tolerant trees. Our experienced team is ready to help you find the perfect match. They can also provide guidance on the care, planting, and nurturing of the plant to make sure it will thrive in your environment.                  

Regular and proper pruning is a way to keep your hawthorn trees healthy and attractive. With a bit of routine care, your plants will grow vigorously but still be neat and manageable. This simple and practical guide explains why, when, and how to prune hawthorn trees to keep them healthy and beautiful. Key points to keep in mind: Do not prune until the plant is well-established Shape and structure the plant while it is still young Prune every 3-5 years during the dormant period Prune hawthorn trees lightly Why Prune a Hawthorn Tree? Pruning is an essential part of caring for any tree and hawthorns are no exception. While they tend to develop a strong structure naturally, regular pruning offers many benefits for the tree’s health and appearance. Here is why pruning is important: To improve overall health: Removing dead, diseased, and damaged branches allows the tree to focus its energy on healthy growth. To maintain the shape: Pruning keeps the tree or hedge neat, good-looking, and visually pleasing. To encourage new growth: Cutting back branches stimulates fresh growth which leads to a fuller, more vibrant tree. To enhance flowering and fruit production: Pruning also helps the tree direct its resources toward producing more flowers and fruit. To improve air and light circulation: Thinning the canopy allows sunlight and air to reach deeper into the tree which reduces moisture build-up. To lower the risk of pests and fungal infections: Overcrowded branches can create shaded and damp areas which are ideal for pests and diseases. When to Prune Hawthorn Trees? The best time for maintenance pruning of hawthorn trees is late winter or early spring. After planting a hawthorn tree, let it grow naturally for a while before you prune it for the first time, usually until it reaches 1.5 - 2m in height. If you start pruning too early, you may slow down the tree’s growth. That’s why it’s best to wait and let the tree establish itself first.Once your hawthorn tree is established, you can start shaping it by removing crossing or crowded branches, suckers, and water sprouts. If you want a well-trained tree, you need to create a single leader with branches growing outward. To achieve this, lower branches should be gradually removed over several years. Taking off just a few each year helps prevent stressing the tree too much.Mature trees only need pruning every 3 to 5 years. You should still remove water sprouts, suckers, damaged and diseased branches annually. Since hawthorn trees naturally form a sturdy structure, they don’t need much pruning.So when is the best time to prune a hawthorn tree? The best time for trimming hawthorn trees is in winter or early spring while the tree is still dormant. That prevents sap bleed, which can lead to disease or infection. You can also do some light shaping after flowering in late spring if needed. How to Prune Hawthorn Trees? To properly prune your hawthorn tree, follow these steps: Remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches: This will ensure your tree stays healthy and strong. Cut close to the branch collar – where the branch meets the trunk. Avoid cutting flush with the trunk, as this can damage the tree. Thin the canopy: By cutting back overcrowded branches, you will improve light and air circulation throughout the tree and reduce the risk of disease and fungal infection. Cut lower branches: These branches need to be cut to maintain a strong, single trunk and a well-structured tree shape. Maintain shape and size: Keep the tree looking neat and attractive by trimming back branches. This will also encourage new growth. Make all cuts just above a lateral twig or bud that faces the direction you want the branch to grow. Care to Take When Pruning a Hawthorn Tree or Hedge Pruning hawthorn trees can be challenging because of their large thorns. Therefore, you must prepare protective clothing, sturdy gloves, and safety goggles. Pruning saws, loppers, and secateurs must be sharp and clean. You need to make clean cuts to reduce damage and minimise the risk of infection.It's also important to disinfect your tools between cuts, especially if you spot any diseased branches. You wouldn’t want to spread the disease throughout the tree or hedge. Also, remember not to over-prune and cause too much stress to the plant.

Pruning an apple tree is a critical part of its maintenance and fruit production. The optimal time to prune an apple tree is during the dormant season, typically in late winter or early spring before new growth starts. This timing minimizes the risk of pest infestations and disease and allows for a clear view of the tree’s structure. The primary goal of pruning is to promote the tree's health, encourage the growth of strong fruit-bearing branches, and improve sunlight penetration and air circulation within the canopy. A well-pruned apple tree has a balanced shape and is not overcrowded with branches. Here are steps and tips for effective pruning: Safety First: Wear protective gear such as gloves and safety glasses. Use clean, sharp tools like pruning shears, loppers, and a pruning saw. Remove Damaged Wood: Start by removing all dead, diseased, or damaged branches. This helps prevent insect infestations and diseases from spreading. Thin Out Crowded Areas: Look for areas where branches are growing too close together, blocking light and air. Remove some of these branches to open up the canopy. Prune for Shape and Strength: Cut back branches that are growing inward or downward. Focus on maintaining a central leader (the main upward-growing branch) and several strong lateral branches that form the tree's scaffold. Encourage Fruit Spurs: Fruit spurs are short, stubby branches where apple blossoms and fruit develop. Lightly prune these areas to encourage fruit production. Control Height: If the tree is too tall, reduce its height by cutting back the central leader to a lower lateral branch. This makes harvesting easier and ensures the tree isn’t top-heavy. Mind the Bud Directions: When making cuts, consider the direction the new growth will take. Cut just above a bud facing the direction you want the branch to grow. Avoid Over-Pruning: Do not remove more than about a quarter of the tree's total volume in one season. Over-pruning can stress the tree and reduce fruit yield. Clean Up: After pruning, clean up fallen debris from around the tree to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Fertilize and Water: Post-pruning, give the tree a boost with appropriate fertilization and ensure it gets adequate water to support new growth. Following these steps can significantly improve the health and productivity of your apple tree. Remember, annual pruning is key to maintaining a strong structure, preventing disease, and ensuring abundant fruit harvests. Keep in mind that each tree is unique, so tailor your approach based on the specific needs and growth patterns of your tree. Arundel Arboretum has a very wide selection of Apple Tree available at the nursery and for delivery, check out our stock.

Ericaceous compost is a type of specialized compost that is formulated for plants that thrive in acid soils. The term "ericaceous" originates from the botanical family Ericaceae, which includes plants like rhododendrons, azaleas, camellias, and heathers, all of which prefer acidic growing conditions. Here's what you need to know about ericaceous compost: pH Level: The primary characteristic of ericaceous compost is its low pH level, usually within the range of 4.5 to 6.0. This makes it suitable for acid-loving plants. Content: Ericaceous compost typically doesn't contain any lime, which is often added to standard composts to raise the pH. Instead, it may contain ingredients like peat or coir, which are naturally acidic. Benefits: For plants that thrive in acidic soils, ericaceous compost provides the right pH environment for nutrient uptake. Many essential nutrients become less available to plants in alkaline conditions, so using the right type of compost is crucial for the health of these plants. Limitation: It's important to note that ericaceous compost isn't suitable for all plants. If used for plants that prefer neutral to alkaline soils, it can hinder their growth and overall health. Alternative to Peat: Due to environmental concerns related to the extraction of peat from peat bogs, there has been a push to use alternatives. Coir (coconut fiber) is one such alternative that's being used in some ericaceous composts. Other organic matter like composted bark or composted bracken can also be used. Regular Monitoring: If you're growing acid-loving plants in pots or containers, it's a good idea to periodically test the pH of the compost. Over time, the pH can change, especially if you're using tap water for irrigation, as it's often alkaline. If you're looking to grow acid-loving plants, using ericaceous compost is an excellent way to provide them with the best growing conditions, especially if your native soil isn't naturally acidic.

Acer palmatum, commonly known as the Japanese Maple, is a beautiful tree known for its delicate leaves and brilliant fall colors. When planting or potting a Japanese Maple, it's important to provide it with the right growing medium to ensure its healthy growth. For Acer palmatum, the ideal compost should offer the following characteristics: Well-Draining: Japanese Maples don’t like to sit in waterlogged soil. Ensure the compost provides good drainage. Acidic to Neutral pH: Acer palmatum prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH levels. Ericaceous compost, which is formulated for acid-loving plants, can be suitable. However, pure ericaceous compost might be too acidic. A mix of ericaceous compost with a general-purpose compost can be used to achieve a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Organic-Rich: A compost rich in organic matter will support the tree's growth by providing necessary nutrients and improving soil structure. This can be achieved by adding well-decomposed leaf mold, composted bark, or well-rotted compost to the mix. Mulching: After planting, consider adding a layer of mulch on top. This helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Ensure the mulch doesn’t touch the tree's trunk to prevent rot. Potted Trees: If you're growing the Acer palmatum in a container, ensure the compost is especially well-draining. You might want to incorporate some perlite or grit into the compost to enhance drainage. Regular Monitoring: While Japanese Maples aren't overly demanding, it's a good idea to keep an eye on the moisture levels, especially in containers. Ensure the tree gets regular but not excessive water, letting the top layer of soil dry out slightly between waterings. In summary, a well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral, and organic-rich compost is best suited for Acer palmatum. Depending on your local soil conditions, you may need to amend your garden soil with appropriate compost or potting mix if you're planting your Japanese Maple in the ground.

Chamaerops humilis / Dwarf fan Palm Chamaerops humilis is a bushy evergreen palm. Its foliage is made up of pinnate leaves covered in a brown hairy fibre. The fan shaped leaves can be up to 45cm long. It is a medium sized shrub. Small yellow flowers appear on mature plants. Chamaerops humilis prefers a sheltered position in partial shade. It also prefers a well drained soil. It has an eventual height of 1 – 2.5m and a spread of 1 – 1.5m. Chamaerops humilis is also known as the European Stool Palm. Cordyline australis / New Zealand Cabbage Cordyline australis is a small evergreen tree. It has pale green foliage with arching linear to lanceolate leaves emerging from a single trunk. It produces small fragrant creamy-white flowers. Cordyline australis is very hardy against salt laden winds. It is sometimes  used for screening. It will grow in full sun and partial shade, and prefers a sheltered position. It will also grow in well drained or moist well drained soil. Cordyline australis has an eventual height of 4-8m and a spread of 2.5-4m. Trachycarpus fortunei / Chusan Palm Trachycarpus fortunei is noted for its  single stem, columnar trunk covered in a hairy brown fibre. It produces large fan-shaped dark green leaves, which are pale green to ash grey underneath. The flowers are long panicles of pendulous yellow, which are followed by blackish-blue fruit. Trachycarpus fortunei will grow in large pots or containers. and is the hardest palm in Britain. It has an eventual height of 20m and a spread of 2.5m. Trachycarpus fortunei needs to be sheltered from cold, drying winds.  

Quercus robur / English Oak Quercus robur is a slow growing broad-headed tree with rugged branches. Quercus robur is a tree to admire as a specimen. Quercus robur is renowed as a British stately tree. The oak wood is good for furniture making and building. Quercus suber / Cork Oak Quercus suber is a medium sized evergreen tree. However, during the late spring\early summer it will shed its foliage. It is a beautiful, architectural tree. It is usually clear stemmed with a spreading habit. The bark is thick and corky and provides the corks for your wine bottles! It is a slow growing tree with oval\oblong leaves. Quercus ilex / Evergreen Oak-Holm Oak-Holly Oak Quercus ilex is a large majestic tree. Its leathery leaves are dark glossy green above, and greyish downy beneath. A tree that takes pruning, and will also grow in a shady area. A salt tolerant tree. Quercus ilex is used a lot for screening. Quercus rubra / American red Oak Quercus rubra is a fast growing, broad-headed large deciduous tree. It has an open, spreading crown with leaves that can grow in excess of 20cm. Its large green leaves turn a ruby-red then brown in the autumn. Quercus rubra produces insignificant green flowers in the spring. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade. Plant in a sheltered or exposed position. Quercus rubra has an eventual height of 12m and a spread of 8m.

Sorbus aria ‘Lutescens’ / Whitebeam Sorbus aria ‘Lutescens’ is a small to medium sized deciduous tree. When young, it tends to grow erect, but as it matures it takes on a more spreading habit. The leaves emerge in spring with a silvery tinge to them and both sides are covered in tiny hairs. Their creamy-white scented flowers appear in abundance during April and May. The green berries ripen to orange-red in autumn. The leaves turn golden brown in the autumn, and this tree is one of the first to start to drop its leaves. Sorbus aucuparia / Rowan or Mountain Ash Sorbus aucuparia is a deciduous rounded tree with greyish-downy winter buds.  They open to dark green leaves, which turn red or yellow in the autumn. Sorbus aucuparia produces clusters of white flowers in late spring.  These are followed by orange-red berries. Sorbus aucuparia ‘Cardinal Royal’ Sorbus aucuparia ‘Cardinal Royal’ is a small to medium tree, with a narrow upright habit. White flowers are  followed by bright red fruits. Dark green leaves, silver beneath changing to red in the autumn. Sorbus ‘Autumn Spire’ Sorbus ‘Autumn Spire’ is a small tree with a unique upright habit. White flowers producing yellow-orange berries in the autumn. Green foliage producing good all round colour. Sorbus commixta ‘Embley’ Sorbus commixta ‘Embley’ is a small tree with white flowers producing heavy bunches of glistening orange-red berries. Green foliage turning glowing red in the autumn. A very colourful tree. Sorbus vilmorinii Sorbus vilmorinii is a small tree, with arching branches with deeply dissected foliage of 11-13 small leaflets turning to red and purple in the autumn. The tree produces drooping clusters of small berries in the autumn.  They are glossy red at first, which slowly change to pink and finally turn white with a pink flush.  The berries will remain on the tree for a while after the leaves have fallen. Sorbus ‘Joseph Rock’ Sorbus ‘Joseph Rock’ is a small tree with a superb autumn colour. White flowers followed by creamy-yellow berries turning amber-yellow. Sorbus commixta Sorbus commixta is a broadly conical tree with divided dark green leaves, which turn yellow to red or purple in the autumn.  It has clusters of white flowers in the late spring.  These are followed by orange-red to red berries. Sorbus cashmiriana Sorbus cashmiriana is a deciduous, spreading tree with divided dark green leaves.  Has clusters of white or pink flowers in late spring which are followed by white berries. Sorbus hupehensis Sorbus hupehensis ia a narrow, deciduous tree with divided blue-green leaves, turning red in the autumn.  The clusters of white flowers in late spring are followed by white berries. Sorbus hupehensis ‘Pink Pagoda’ Sorbus hupehensis ‘Pnik Pagoda’ is a compact, medium sized deciduous tree.  It produces creamy-white flowers in late spring which are popular with bees.  The flowers are followed by rose-pink berries which turn paler pink in the winter.  Sorbus hupehensis ‘Pink Pagoda’ foliage is blue-green which turns red-orange in the autumn.

Acer griseum / Paperbark Maple Acer griseum is one of our favourites! Acer griseum is a simply stunning small, slow growing deciduous tree which produces paper-thin curls of cinnamon bark on the trunk and main branches. These will become translucent in the light. The leaves turn a stunning red-orange in the autumn. Acer griseum has an eventual height of 8-12m and spread of 4-8m. Acer griseum prefers a sheltered position and moist, well-drained soil. Acer campestre / Field Maple Acer campestre is a native British Field Maple.  It has five-lobed leaves which turn a rich gold and sometimes red in the autumn.  It is a very reliable tree with an eventual height of approximately 20ft. Acer campestre is adaptable to most conditions and is one of the last trees to produce its autumn colour. Acer campestre ‘Carnival‘ / Variegated Field Maple Acer campestre ‘Carnival’ is also known as the variegated Field Maple. This small, deciduous tree has attractive lobed foliage which emerge pink, which turn to green with creamy white edges. Small clusters of yellow-green flowers appear in springtime. Acer campestre ‘Carnival’ is classed as a hardy tree. Its leaves turn an attractive buttery yellow with white edges in the autumn. This tree will grow happily in most positions, but allow some shade to avoid the foliage being scorched. Acer davidii / Snake Bark Maple Acer davidii is an attractive tree with green and white streaked bark. Mid green leaves turning orange and yellow in the autumn. The striped green and white bark is the feature that gives Acer davidii its common name – Snake Bark Maple. Ideally, this deciduous tree should be planted in a sheltered position away from cold winds. Consider planting where you will be able to enjoy the decorative bark. Acer davidii ‘George Forrest’ / Snake Bark Acer davidii is a very good medium sized tree with wonderfully interesting bark. The trunk and main branchwork of the tree is lined with green and white markings giving it the snake bark effect. Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’ / Purple Norway Maple Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’ is a deciduous, medium sized tree.  It has large 5 lobed-leaves which are a deep purple\crimson in the spring and summer.  Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’ produces yellow flowers (which can be tinted red) in the spring. During the autumn the foliage ranges between orange and brown. It has a vigorous growth habit, with an eventual height of between 8-12m. Acer platanoides ‘Drummondii’ / Variegated Norway Maple Acer platanoides ‘Drummondii’ is a deciduous tree with an eventual height of between 12-17m. The main feature of this tree is its magnificent green and creamy-white foliage. The leaves turn yellow in the autumn. Yellow flowers appear in the spring. Acer platanoides ‘Drummondii’ is  happy on most soils, and can tolerate air pollution.  It requires plenty of space to reach its full growth potential. Acer platanoides ‘Princeton Gold’ Acer platanoides ‘Princeton Gold’ is a medium sized deciduous tree.  It produces clusters of small yellow flowers in the spring, which are followed by bright striking golden yellow leaves in spring and summer.  Later in the year, it will produce seeds. It is a resilient, hardy tree. Stunning autumn colours of yellow and red.  It can tolerate most soil types and can cope with pollution. Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Brilliantissimum’ Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Brilliantissimum’ is a slow growing small tree of the sycamore family.  It is known for its stunning salmon pink young foliage which appears in the spring.  This turns yellow then dark green in late summer. Acer pseudoplatanus ‘Brilliantisimum’ is an ideal tree for a small garden.  It is best planted in a sheltered position with well drained soil.  

Crataegus laevigata ‘Plena’ / Double White Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata ‘Plena’ is a rounded, thorny deciduous tree. It produces masses of scented double white flowers in the late spring\early summer. The oval green leaves turn yellow and red in the autumn. It also produces red berries, which are ideal for wildlife. Crataegus laevigata ‘Plena’ can be planted in full sun or partial shade, in an exposed or sheltered position. It prefers a moist, well-drained soil. It has an eventual  height of 4-8m and spread of 4-8m. Crataegus laevigata ‘Crimson Cloud’ Crataegus laevigata ‘Crimson Cloud’ is a beautiful small, deciduous tree. It is a variety of Midland Hawthorn, has sharp thorns on its branches and an almost weeping habit. It produces single dark red flowers in the spring. These have a pronounced white eye and are followed by red berries. The green leaves turn yellow and bronze in the autumn. Crataegus laevigata ‘Crimson Cloud’ is a very hardy tough ornamental tree, with an eventual height of 5m and spread of 4m. It will grow in most well drained soils.  It can survive on exposed, coastal (but be aware of how close to the coast you are), polluted and damp conditions. This tree is also good for wildlife. Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ is a small-medium deciduous tree. It produces double red flowers in the spring. The lobed glossy, small dark green leaves turn red in the autumn, when it also produces red fruits. Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ can be grown in full sun and partial shade. It can also be positioned in sheltered and exposed positions, and can withstand a little salt wind, so it is a tree that could be considered if you are near the coast. It is a tough tree, good for wildlife, with an eventual height of 4-8m and a spread of 4-8. Crataegus laevigata ‘Rosea Flore Pleno’ Crataegus laevigata ‘Rosea Flore Pleno’ is a deciduous, small flowering Hawthorn. The tree produces masses of double pink flowers in May. It has dark green, deeply lobed leaves. These turn yellow and bronze in the autumn. The red berries that appear in autumn are good for wildlife. Crataegus laevigata ‘Rosea Flore Pleno’ is a very hardy tree, an has sharp thorns. It is an ideal tree for a limited space and can withstand difficult conditions. These include coastal, exposed, polluted and damp conditions. This tree has an eventual height of 5m and width of 4m. Crataegus laevigata ‘Rosea Flore Pleno’ can also withstand heavy pruning. Crataegus persimilis ‘Prunifolia’ Crataegus persimilis ‘Prunifolia’ is a variety of Cockspur Thorn. In our opinion it is one of the most attractive of all thorns. It  produces green, glossy leaves turning a blaze of orange\red\yellow in the autumn.  It produces masses of white flowers in May, followed by bunches of large, rich, red fruit from autumn onwards. A small tree that can stand heavy pruning, and an exceptional wildlife tree. A very  hardy tree – “as tough as old boots”.     

Acer palmatum ‘Japanese Sunrise’ Acer palmatum ‘Japanese Sunrise’ is a deciduous Japanese maple. In spring its leaves are green, which turn darker during the summer, turning golden yellow in the autumn. Depending upon the age of the plant and the time of year, it can have a spectacular bright red bark. Acer palmatum ‘Japanese Sunrise’ should be planted in partial shade, in moist, well-drained soil. It has an eventual height and spread of 0.5m. Acer palmatum / Japanese Maple Acer palmatum is a small slow growing, deciduous Japanese maple, which can be grown as a shrub or small tree. The delicate foliage of Acer palmatum is small, five-lobed and deep green in the spring. These turn a stunning red in the autumn. It has an overall height of between 6-10 metres. Acer palmatum requires well-drained soil with an acidic pH, which will enhance the autumn colours. It can be grown in a semi-shaded position, as too much sun will scorch its fragile foliage. Acer palmatum ‘Beni Otake’ Acer palamtum ‘Beni Otake’ is an attractive, upright Acer.  It has red foliage which is long and linear in shape, similar to bamboo.  The red\crimson foliage will last from spring until autumn.  Acer palmatum ‘Beni Otake’ will eventual grow to approximately 2.5m.  It can withstand sun and partial shade positions. Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’ Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’ is a deciduous upright Acer. It has stunning interest from spring through to the autumn.  The foliage in the spring is a superb rich red\purple, which will be evident through the summer.  The deeply lobed leaves turn a fiery crimson\blood red in the autumn.  Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’ prefers a slightly sheltered position.  Its eventual height is 4.5m Acer palmatum ‘Burgundy Lace’ Acer palmatum ‘Burgundy Lace’ is a deciduous Japanese maple.  It has red\purple foliage in the spring and summer, which turns scarlet in the autumn.  Acer palmatum ‘Burgundy Lace’ is a medium sized tree with an eventual height of 4m.  It prefers a partial shade position as full sun can scorch the leaves. Acer palmatum ‘Chishio’ Acer palmatum ‘Chishio’ is a dwarf Japanese maple with variegated foliage. The small five-lobed leaves are crimson in the spring. They turn emerald green in the summer. Acer palmatum ‘Chishio’ leaves turn orange\red in the autumn. Acer palmatum ‘Chishio’ has an eventual height of 1.5m. Acer palmatum ‘Fireglow’ Acer palmatum ‘Fireglow’ is an upright Japanese Maple.  It has red foliage in the spring and summer which turns crimson in the autumn.  Acer palmatum ‘Fireglow’ has an eventual height of 3.5m Acer palmatum ‘Katsura’ Acer palmatum ‘Katsura’ is a deciduous Japanese maple, with an upright growth habit. Its 5-7 lobed leaves are yellow-orange with pink tinged edges in the spring, green in the summer, turning bright yellow-orange in the autumn. Acer palmatum ‘Katsura’ prefer a partial shade position, as full sun and lack of moisture can cause leaf scorch. They should be planted in a sheltered spot, with moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Katsura’ has an ultimate height and spread of 2.5-4m. Acer palmatum ‘O Kagami’ Acer palmatum ‘O Kagami’ is a small, deciduous upright Japanese maple. It is densely branched. It has deeply divided lobed leaves. Acer palmatum ‘O Kagami’ leaves appear purplish-red in spring. They turn a glossy deep red\black with green tones during the summer. The leaves become scarlet red in autumn. It prefers a rich, well drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘O Kagami’ can be positioned in a sunny or sheltered position. It has an eventual height of 5m. Acer palmatum ‘Orange Dream’ Acer palmatum ‘Orange Dream’ is a medium sized, bushy deciduous Japanese maple with an upright growth habit. It has golden yellow foliage in the spring, which turns yellow\green during the summer months. During the autumn, it will turn a spectacular orange\gold.  Its bark is bright green. Reddish-purple flowers may be followed by red fruits.  This Acer can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum ‘Orange Dream’ has an eventual height of 5m, and prefers a moist well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Red Emperor’ Acer palmatum ‘Red Emperor’ is a deciduous Japanese maple with a fast, upright growth habit. It has red foliage during the spring and summer, before turning crimson red in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum ‘Red Emperor’ has an eventual height of 5m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Red Pygmy’ Acer palmatum ‘Red Pygmy’ is a deciduous Japanese maple with an upright growth habit. It is slow growing and produces small purple flowers in springtime. The foliage divide into 7 lobes. In spring and summer the foliage is red, before turning crimson in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum ‘Red Pygmy’ has an eventual height of 3.5m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Shaina’ Acer palmatum ‘Shaina’ is a  deciduous Japanese maple with a compact growth habit. Its bright red foliage in spring turns dark red during the summer. It becomes bright crimson in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum ‘Shaina’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Shin deshojo’ Acer palmatum ‘Shin deshojo’ is an upright Japanese maple with variegated foliage. The lobed shaped foliage opens crimson-scarlet in the spring, becoming green\red in the sum before turning a cascade of stunning red-orange in the autumn. Acer palmatum ‘Shin deshojo’ has an eventual height of 3m. It will grow in moist well-drained soil in a sunny position, but must be sheltered. Acer palmatum ‘Skeeter’s Broom’ Acer palmatum ‘Skeeter’s Broom’ is a slow growing deciduous Japanese maple. It has an upright, compact growth habit. The deeply lobed leaves are red maroon during the spring and summer. It turns bright red in the autumn. Acer palmatum ‘Skeeter’s Broom’ can be grown in full sun or partial shade, in a sheltered position. It has an eventual height of 2.5m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Trompenburg’ Acer palmatum ‘Trompenburg’ is a deciduous upright Japanese maple. It can be grown as a tree or small shrub. The seven lobed foliage is deep purple red during the spring and summer months. This turns to crimson in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position.  Acer palmatum ‘Trompenburg’ has an eventual height of 7m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum ‘Villa Taranto’ Acer palmatum ‘Villa Taranto’ is an upright, deciduous Japanese maple. The foliage is split into 5 narrow lobes. This is orange-crimson in the spring, turning a reddish green during the summer. The foliage turns yellow-gold in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position.  Acer palmatum ‘Villa Taranto’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Baldsmith’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Baldsmith’ is a pendulous, slow growing deciduous Japanese maple. During spring the delicate foliage is orange-red. This changes to bronze-red during the summer. It turns a stunning scarlet in the autumn. This Acer can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Baldsmith’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Princess’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Princess’ is a deciduous Japanese maple. It has an upright form with slightly weeping branches. The lace-like dissected foliage is red  in the spring. This turns bronze during the summer months, before turning a stunning bright scarlet in the autumn. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Princess’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Queen’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Queen’ is a medium sized deciduous Japanese shrub, with a weeping\arching habit. Its delicate, feathery leaves consist of 7-9 deeply cut lobes. These appear reddish-purple in the spring. It holds its colour during the summer months, although some fading can happen. In the autumn, Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Crimson Queen’ appears a stunning crimson red. It also produces small purple flowers and fruits. Its eventual height and spread is 1.5 – 2.5m Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Seiryu’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Seiryu’ is a deciduous Japanese maple with an upright growth habit. It can be grown as a large shrub or small tree. During the spring and summer its dissected foliage is bright green. This turns a gold crimson in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade, in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Seiryu’ has an eventual height of 6m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Stella Rossa’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Stella Rossa’ is a deciduous Japanese maple with a weeping growth habit. During the spring its lace-like foliage is pink\red. This turns purple in the summer before becoming bright red in the autumn. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Stella Rosssa’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Tamuke yama’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Tamuke yama’ is a deciduous Japanese maple. It is usually grown as a small tree and has a spreading and weeping growth form. The cascading foliage is a deep crimson in the spring. This turns purple\red in the summer, before turning a fiery scarlet in the autumn. It should be planted in partial shade in a sheltered position. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Tamuke yama’ has an eventual height of 4m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Toyama nishiki’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Toyama nishiki’ is a deciduous Japanese maple. It has a weeping growth habit. The variegated foliage is green\bronze in the spring and summer.  This turns crimson in the autumn. Plant in partial shade in an sheltered position.  Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Toyama nishiki’ has an eventual height of 3m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Viridis’ Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Viridis’ is a weeping Japanese maple. The foliage is deeply dissected and lace-like. During the spring and summer, the foliage is bright green. This turns a gold\crimson during the autumn. It should be planted in a sheltered, shady position. Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Viridis’ has an eventual height of 3m.

Ginkgo biloba is a magnificent evergreen tree. The young tree has a conical appearance, which takes on a more irregular shape as the tree matures. It is easily recognised for its unusual fan-shaped leaves, which can be up to 12cm in width. The foliage is a delicate green, which turns yellow in the autumn. Ginkgo biloba will grow in full sun, in well drained soil. It will also grow in an exposed or sheltered position. The female trees produce dull yellow fruits in the autumn. However, they have a rather unpleasant smell! With an eventual height of 12m and width of 4-8m, Ginkgo biloba is a brilliant tree to grow either as a single specimen or as an avenue of trees.

Prunus Shimidsu Sakura ‘Blushing Bride’ Prunus Shimidsu Sakura ‘Blushing Bride’ is a Japanese flowering cherry with an elegant spreading habit. Large double, delicate flowers hang down in large bunches in April-May. They open pink and fade to a bright white as the season progresses. Prunus Shimidsu Sakura ‘Blushing Bride’ is pollutant tolerant and is therefore good for urban areas. The green foliage turns orange and red in the autumn. Prunus Shimidsu Sakura ‘Blushing Bride’ cannot tolerate wet or shallow chalky soils. Prunus ‘Pandora’ Prunus ‘Pandora’ is a small deciduous tree with a broadly vase-shaped canopy and upright habit. Single, very pale pink flowers appear in spring, which are followed by green leaves, which turn pale yellow in the autumn. The young bark is a radiant brown. Prunus ‘Pandora’ has an eventual height of 8-12m and a spread of 4-8m. It prefers a moist, well-drained soil and can be planted in full sun in either a sheltered or exposed position. Prunus ‘Kanzan’ Prunus ‘Kanzan’ is a medium sized deciduous tree, with a broadly vase-shaped habit when young, but taking on a more spreading habit as the tree matures. In spring, large, purplish-pink double flowers appear which open from crimson buds. The bronze young foliage turns green in the summer. Prunus ‘Kanzan’ can be planted in full sun in either a sheltered or exposed position. It prefers a moist, well-drained soil and has an eventual height of 8-12m and a spread of 8m+. Prunus ‘Ukon’ Prunus ‘Ukon’ is a robust, ornamental cherry with a spreading habit.  It has creamy double flowers which open from pink buds in the spring.  The spring foliage is bronze which turns red and purple in the autumn.  Prunus ‘Ukon’ can tolerate most soils and will grow in full sun or partial shade, and is hardy.  It has an eventual height (in 20 years) of approximately 6m and a spread of approximately 4m. Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis Rosea’ / Winter flowering Cherry Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis Rosea’ is a small tree with semi-double pale pink flowers from November to March on bare branches. The flowers are followed by small fruits, which are good for birds. Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis Rosea’ has green foliage which turns shades of orange/yellow in the autumn. It is ideal for small gardens and is pollution tolerant, so is a tree suitable for urban areas. It will thrive in most conditions, but does not like wet soil or shallow chalk. Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis Rosea’ can be planted in a sunny location, with little or no protection. Prunus serrula / Tibetan Cherry Prunus serrula is a small, deciduous spreading tree. The outstanding mahogany\red bark is the main feature of this tree in the winter when all the leaves are off. Prunus serrula  has mid-green leaves which turn orange\yellow in the autumn. Prunus serrula produces small clusters of white flowers in the spring but they are virtually concealed by the narrow, willow-like leaves. Prunus serrula will grow in a sheltered or exposed position. It has an eventual height of 8-12m and a spread of 8m+. Prunus ‘Okame’ Prunus ‘Okame’ is a splendid small tree with ascending branches. These are covered with an abundance of shell pink single flowers in March and April. The dark green leaves turn orange and red in the autumn. It has an eventual  height of approximately 4m and a spread of 4m. It can therefore be considered for a small garden. Prunus ‘Okame’ can be planted in full sun, in a moist, fertile soil. It will not, however be happy in waterlogged or permanently wet conditions. It is tolerant of pollution and popular with bees. Prunus ‘Amanogawa’ / Flagpole Cherry Prunus ‘Amanogawa’ is a small, narrow column tree with upright branches.  It is ideal for a small garden, with an eventual height of approximately 19′.  In April, Prunus ‘Amanogawa’ produces clusters of large fragrant single or semi-double shell pink flowers. The foliage is bronze-green in the spring, turning to mid-green during the summer months, turning orange\red in the autumn.  Prunus ‘Amanogawa’ is very tolerant of pollution, so it is an ideal tree for urban areas. Prunus avium ‘Plena’ / Cherry Prunus avium ‘Plena’ is a medium sized deciduous, spreading tree. It produces pendulous clusters of pure white double flowers in the spring. The mid green leaves turn red and orange in the autumn. Prunus avium ‘Plena’ can be positioned in full sun, in a sheltered or exposed spot. It prefers moist, well-drained soil. It is a noticeable specimen with an eventual height of 8-12m and a spread of 8m+. Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii Nigra’ / Purple-leaved Plum Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii Nigra’ is a  small purple leaved tree. It flowers in early spring. The pale pink flowers emerge from a mass of pink buds. Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii Nigra’ is a massed branched, deciduous tree which is sometimes used for screening. It is a very easy tree to grow and can withstand hard pruning. Prunus cerasifera ‘Pissardii Nigra’ can produce plums, but when it feels like it! It is not therefore, a regular fruiting tree. It has an eventual height of 8m and a spread of 6m. Prunus ‘Kiku-shidare Sakura’ / ‘Cheal’s Weeping’ Prunus ‘Kiku-shidare Sakura’ is an ornamental, deciduous weeping tree more commonly known as ‘Cheal’s Weeping’. It produces double pink flowers in spring. These are followed by coppery-green leaves that turn deeper into spring and summer. The leaves turn bronze and orange in the autumn. Prunus ‘Kiku-shidare Sakura’ is an ideal tree for a small garden, with an eventual height of 3-5m. However, it does require room to spread its pendulous branches. Its graceful crown shape gives an architectural shape to the garden, whether planted as a specimen tree or part of a border. It can tolerate most soils, but does not like very wet, shallow or chalky conditions. This tree is a tough little tree and tolerant of pollution. Prunus ‘Royal Burgundy’ Prunus ‘Royal Burgundy’ is a small, spreading deciduous tree. It has deep wine\purple leaves which turn bright scarlet in the autumn. Double pink flowers appear in the spring. Prunus ‘Royal Burgundy’ has an eventual height of 5m and a spread of 3m. It will not thrive in very wet or chalky soils. Prunus ‘Shirofugen’ Prunus ‘Shirofugen’ is a small deciduous flowering cherry. It is adorned in late spring with double pink\white flowers which emerge from pink buds. It is a vigorous and wide spreading tree. The leaves are coppery when young, turning green. These turn orange\red in the autumn. Prunus ‘Shirofugen’ can be planted in full sun in moist, well-drained soil. It has an eventual height and spread of 5-10m. Prunus ‘Shirotae’ / Mount Fuji Cherry Prunus ‘Shirotae’ is a small, deciduous  tree with wide-spreading horizontal or slightly drooping branches. This creates a spreading flat crown. The flowers are single to semi-double, fragrant snow white. They appear in large clusters and amass this beautiful tree. The young green foliage turn orange\red in the autumn. Prunus ‘Shirotae’ can be planted in full sun in an exposed or sheltered position. It has an eventual height and spread of 4-8m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. We are often asked what variety this tree is when its in its full state of flowering as it is so noticeable. Prunus x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’ / Pink flowering Cherry Prunus x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’ is a small deciduous tree. It has arching, pendulous branches which creates a weeping, graceful tree.  Single deep rose-pink flowers emerge in spring from red buds. The ovate green leaves turn orange and red in the autumn. This tree is ideal for a small garden and can be pruned to restrict its width. Prunus x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’ can be planted in full sun in a sheltered or exposed position. It has an eventual height of 2.5m and a spread of 4m, and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil. Prunus ‘Tai Haku’ / Great White Cherry Prunus ‘Tai Haku’ is a medium-large deciduous ornamental cherry tree. It has a broad, spreading crown. The young rich coppery-red leaves appear in spring, turning green in the summer. They turn yellow\orange in the autumn. Beautiful, large white flowers emerge in spring from pink buds. Prunus ‘Tai Haku’ can be planted in full sun in a sheltered or exposed position. It has an eventual height of 4-8m and a spread of 8m+. This tree is often known as the Great White Cherry. Prunus x yedoensis/Yoshino (Japanese) Cherry Prunus x yedoensis is a wide spreading deciduous tree. The ovate green leaves turn yellow\golden in the autumn. The flowers appear in spring and are almost white with pink stamens and a slight scent of almonds. Prunus x yedoensis can be planted in full sun in a sheltered or exposed position. It has an eventual height of 12m+ and a spread of 8m+ and should be planted in a moist, well-drained soil.  

With moving further into autumn, at Arundel Aboretum hedge nursery, in Arundel, West Sussex our stock is fully prepared. This is often the time when our customers start to plan their autumn planting. The autumn and winter is an excellent time to plant new trees and shrubs, as they can establish over the autumn and winter months and require less maintenance. Planting a new hedge is a job ideal for the autumn and winter months.  We have an excellent selection of plants in stock at our hedge nursery to create an instant hedge.  This month, we are looking at Elaeagnus x ebbingei and all the benefits this particular plant brings. Description Elaeagnus x ebbingei is a very hardy, salt tolerant evergreen shrub. Small, highly scented white flowers appear in the autumn. These are followed by small orange fruits in the spring. Its dark green leaves have a silver underside, which creates a silver-green shimmering effect when the leaves are caught in the wind.  It has an eventual height and spread of 2.5 – 4m.  Depending upon overall care and maintenance, you should be able to get 40-60cm growth per growing season. Where to Plant Elaeagnus x ebbingei can be planted in the following positions: Shady Dry Coastal – it is an exceptionally good plant for coastal areas Windy However, it does not like: Cold Wet Very alkaline soils Pruning It is recommended that pruning be undertaken in April and May. At Arundel Arboretum hedge nursery, we have an excellent selection of Elaeagnus x ebbingei in stock. We shall look forward to your visit, when our knowledgeable staff will be able to assist you with your purchase. For more hedge options have a look at our hedging & screening page full of plenty of helpful information.

Amelanchier x grandiflora ‘Ballerina’ is a pretty, small deciduous tree.  It is ideal for small gardens and delivers interest all through the growing season. This starts in the spring when masses of large white flower emerge. The bronze-tinged leaves turn orange-purple-brown in autumn. The small red berries turn purple in autumn, which the birds love! Amelanchier x grandiflora ‘Ballerina’ can be planted in full sun or partial shade. This tree can be planted in a sheltered or exposed area, and will grow on a moist, well-drained soil. It has an eventual height and spread of 4-8m.  

Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ is a form of Hornbeam that has fantastic presence in any landscape, staying tall and narrow for 20-30 years before slowly widening. It can be kept in shape with regular clipping. It has small deep green leaves turning orange-yellow in the autumn. Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ will grow in full sun or partial shade in either a sheltered or exposed position.

Birch trees (Betula to give them their Latin name) are deciduous trees and are an excellent choice if you are looking for a tree that offers light, airy foliage along with stunning peeling bark and striking white stems. Newer varieties even offer cream or red coloured bark. The trees can take some time to develop their bark colour – so if you are considering purchasing a Birch tree it is wise to remember that if you purchase a small tree you will need to be patient whilst it develops its bark colour.   Betula albosinensis / Chinese Red Birch Betula albosinensis is a fine example of a Birch. It is a deciduous, medium sized tree with a conical to spreading habit. Betula albosinensis has thin, tapering leaves which create a light and airy canopy. It is greatly admired for its peeling, smooth orange-red bark, which is creamy-white when the tree is young. The green foliage turns yellow in the autumn. Betula pendula / Silver Birch Betula pendula is a native deciduous tree, and can be either a multi-stem or single trunk tree. It has a soft, gentle weeping habit with arching branches. Its diamond-shaped fresh green leaves turn a delicate yellow in the autumn. Betula pendula has a maximum height of between 7-12m, so does require plenty of space to grow. It can tolerate most soils, but does not like coastal or dry positions. Betula pendula has attractive, creamy-white peeling bark, which becomes marked with dark rugged cracks at the base with age. Yellow-brown catkins are produced in the spring. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’ / Young’s Weeping Betula pendula ‘Youngii’ is a small, deciduous tree, with peeling white bark and pendulous branches reaching the ground to form a dome shaped tree. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’ can be grown in either a sheltered or exposed site, in moist, well-drained soil. Its green leaves turn yellow in the autumn. It has an eventual height of 4-8m and a spread of 4-8m. Yellow-brown catkins are produced in the spring. Betula nigra ‘Summer Cascade’ / Weeping River Birch Betula nigra ‘Summer Cascade’ is a graceful form of deciduous Birch. It has gentle, weeping pendulous branches, with peeling silver-pink bark which provides year round interest. It produces catkins in the spring and summer. Its dark green leaves turn a stunning yellow in the autumn. Betula nigra ‘Summer Cascade’ is an ideal tree to plant near rivers and ponds. It can tolerate most soils, but does best in acidic conditions. It has an eventual height of 6m and a spread of 4m after 20 years. Betula utilis var. jacquemontii / Himalayan Birch Betula utilis var. jacquemontii is a very popular tree. This is due to its architectural shape and brilliant white bark on its trunk and larger branches. The multi-stem variety is very effective. They are often planted in groups of three for a stunning effect. Betula utilis var. jaquemontii has ovate shaped leaves which turn yellow in the autumn. In early spring, the male yellow-brown catkins appear and these can be up to 12cm long. Betula utilis var. jacquemontii has an eventual height of 12m+ and width of 4-8m. It prefers moist, well-drained soil. It can be planted in full sun or partial shade, in an exposed or sheltered position. Betula pubescens / Downy Birch Betula pubescens is a slender, deciduous tree with a conical shape. It has pendulous branches with downy stems and peeling white bark. Betula pubescens has diamond shaped green leaves which turn yellow in the autumn. It produces yellow-brown catkins in the spring. It will grow in either a sheltered or exposed position. Betula pubescens has an eventual height of 12m+ and a spread of 4-8m. It will grow on most soils, but prefers a moist well-drained position. Betula utilis var. jacquemontii ‘Doorenbos’ Betula utilis var. jacquemontii ‘Doorenbos’ is a deciduous tree and a variety of Himalayan birch, the main feature of which is the stunning snowy white exfoliating winter bark. This develops on the tree early in its life. Betula utilis var. jacquemontii ‘Doorenbos’ produces yellow and brown catkins in the spring, which is followed by ovate, mid-green leaves. These turn a golden yellow in the autumn. The tree will grow to approximately 7m tall with a spread of 3.5m after 20 years. This is a tough tree and will grow in most soils and conditions.

Amelanchier canadensis is a small deciduous tree, which can also be grown as a large shrub. Masses of white flowers appear in spring. These are followed by green-red fruits which eventually turn black. Excellent for birds. The mid-green leaves turn yellow\red\orange in the autumn. Amelanchier canadensis prefers a well drained soil